Interstitial lung disease (ILD) refers to a group of lung disorders that cause inflammation and scarring of the interstitium, the tissue that surrounds the air sacs in the lungs. This scarring can make it difficult for the lungs to expand and contract properly, leading to symptoms such as coughing, shortness of breath, and fatigue. ILD can be caused by a variety of factors, including environmental exposures, infections, autoimmune diseases, and genetic factors. Diagnosis of ILD typically involves a combination of imaging tests, pulmonary function tests, and sometimes a lung biopsy. Treatment for ILD varies depending on the underlying cause and severity of the disease, but may include medication, oxygen therapy, pulmonary rehabilitation, and in severe cases, lung transplant. Research in this area focuses on understanding the mechanisms of ILD, developing new treatments, and improving outcomes for patients with these conditions.